CLINICAL FEATURES
Labels Obesity
Most patients recognize their own problems, although often they are unaware of the main foods that cause obesity. Many symptoms are related to psychological problems or social pressures, such as the woman who cannot find fashionable clothes to wear.
The degree of obesity can be assessed by comparison with tables of ideal weight for height, from the BMI, and by measuring skinfold thickness. The latter should be
measured over the middle of the triceps muscle; normal values are 20 mm in a man and 30 mm in a woman.
A central distribution of body fat (a waist/hip circumference ratio of > 1.0 in men and > 0.9 in women) is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than is a more peripheral distribution of body fat (waist/hip ratio < 0.85 in men and < 0.75 in women).
This is because fat located centrally, especially inside the abdomen, is more sensitive to lipolytic stimuli, with the result that the abnormalities in circulating lipids are more severe.
The relationship between cardiovascular disease (hypertension or ischaemic heart disease), hyperlipidaemia, smoking, physical exercise and obesity is complex. Difficulties arise in interpreting mortality figures because of the number of factors involved. Many studies do not differentiate
WHO classification_______ BMI (kg/m2)_______ Risk of co-morbidities
Overweight_______________ 25–30_____________ Mildly increased
Obese ___________________> 30
Class I _________________30–35______________ Moderate
Class II ________________35–40______________ Severe
Class III _______________> 40 ______________ Very severe
The degree of obesity can be assessed by comparison with tables of ideal weight for height, from the BMI, and by measuring skinfold thickness. The latter should be
measured over the middle of the triceps muscle; normal values are 20 mm in a man and 30 mm in a woman.
A central distribution of body fat (a waist/hip circumference ratio of > 1.0 in men and > 0.9 in women) is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than is a more peripheral distribution of body fat (waist/hip ratio < 0.85 in men and < 0.75 in women).
This is because fat located centrally, especially inside the abdomen, is more sensitive to lipolytic stimuli, with the result that the abnormalities in circulating lipids are more severe.
The relationship between cardiovascular disease (hypertension or ischaemic heart disease), hyperlipidaemia, smoking, physical exercise and obesity is complex. Difficulties arise in interpreting mortality figures because of the number of factors involved. Many studies do not differentiate
WHO classification_______ BMI (kg/m2)_______ Risk of co-morbidities
Overweight_______________ 25–30_____________ Mildly increased
Obese ___________________> 30
Class I _________________30–35______________ Moderate
Class II ________________35–40______________ Severe
Class III _______________> 40 ______________ Very severe
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