What Is Ehrlichiosis?

Ehrlichiosis can be a very severe disease. It interferes with the body’s
immune system by attacking white blood cells, a vital part of the body’s
defense against invading bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms* or
harmful substances. Untreated, the disease can leave people vulnerable to
other infections. About 50 percent of all cases require hospitalization.
Ehrlichiosis does not spread from person to person. The Ehrlichia
bacteria that cause the disease are spread through tick bites. The species
that most commonly spread the disease are the lone star tick, the blacklegged
tick, and the western black-legged tick.
The number of cases of ehrlichiosis reported to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) climbed steadily between 1999
and 2006. Most occurred along the Atlantic Coast and in southern and
central states, although cases were reported in almost every region of the
country. The number of cases peaks during tick season, which runs from
April to October.

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