health

1. Definition
2. Cause and risk factor
3. Symptomes
4. Treatment
5. Prognosis
6. Possible complication

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Acne is a skin condition that causes whiteheads, blackheads, and inflamed red lesions (papules, pustules, and cysts) to form. These growths are commonly called pimples or "zits."

• Also called

Acne vulgaris; Cystic acne; Pimples; Zits

• About 80 percent of all teenagers develop acne, but this disease can also begin as late as the ages 25 or 30, particularly for women. No one is certain as to what exactly causes acne or why it usually begins in adolescence, but hormones, primarily testosterone, certainly play a large role. A number of other factors, most importantly heredity, are also important. If one of your parents had acne, there's a good chance you will, too.
• Acne tends to run in families and can be triggered by:
• Hormonal changes related to menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress
• Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products
• Certain drugs (such as steroids, testosterone, estrogen, and phenytoin)
• High levels of humidity and sweating
• Despite the popular belief that chocolate, nuts, and other foods cause acne, research does not confirm this idea
  
  

* Blackheads
* Crusting of skin eruptions
* Cysts
* Pustules
* Redness around the skin eruptions
* Scarring of the skin
* Whiteheads

Doctors suggest the following to clear up mild acne:
• Get a nonprescription acne medicine and apply regularly. Over-the-counter drugs containing sulfur, resorcinol, salicylic acid, and benzoyl peroxide, are all effective for treating mild acne.
• Use ordinary hygiene on affected areas, washing your face once or twice daily with your usual soap or cleanser. Deodorant soaps may be used, but they are of no particular value for acne.
• Do not scrub or use a loofa. Friction makes acne worse.
• Do not pick or squeeze. This may worsen scarring.
If home treatments do not work, acne can be treated effectively by your dermatologist. Options may include:
• Topical treatments such as retinoids (tretinoin, tazarotene, or adapalene) or antibiotics (benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin)
• Oral antibiotics
• Hormonal medications like oral contraceptives
• In severe cases, an oral medication called isotretinoin (Accutane) may be prescribed. This is extremely effective, but side effects may include severe birth defects, changes in blood fats and cholesterols, and mood changes. Because of these side effects, Accutane is usually used only for patients with severe acne, or, in patients who have failed all other treatments.
As with most diseases, acne responds best if treatment is begun early in the course of the disease. Treating your acne before it becomes severe may also help to reduce permanent scarring

Acne usually subsides after adolescence, but may last into middle age. The condition generally responds well to treatment after 6 - 8 weeks, but may flare up from time to time. Scarring may occur if severe acne is not treated. Some people, especially teenagers, can become significantly depressed if acne is not treated.

* Changes in skin color
* Cysts
* Damage to self-esteem, confidence, personality, and social life
* Permanent facial scars
* Side effects of Accutane (including very dry skin and mucus membranes, high triglyceride levels, liver damage, and birth defects in an unborn baby; call your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking this drug)
* Side effects of other medications